A bird cage is a structure designed to house birds, typically kept as pets. It provides a safe and enclosed space for birds, ensuring they have room to move, perch, and interact with their environment while being protected from outside threats. Bird cages vary in size, shape, and material, depending on the type and number of birds they are intended to hold.

Here are the main components and characteristics of a bird cage:

1. Materials: Bird cages are often made from metal (like stainless steel or wrought iron), wood, or bamboo, with bars spaced closely enough to prevent the bird from escaping but wide enough to allow good airflow.
2. Perches: Most bird cages come with perches inside for birds to rest and exercise their feet. These perches can be made of wood, plastic, or other materials.
3. Food and Water Containers: The cage typically includes built-in holders or hangers for food and water dishes.
4. Toys and Accessories: For pet birds, cages often have toys, swings, mirrors, or other objects to stimulate their mental and physical activity.
5. Size: The size of a bird cage depends on the species of bird. Larger birds, like parrots, require more space to stretch their wings, while smaller species, like finches or canaries, can live comfortably in smaller enclosures.
6. Cleaning Features: Most bird cages are designed for easy cleaning, with removable trays at the bottom to collect waste.

A well-designed bird cage is essential for a bird’s well-being, providing enough space for them to move around, explore, and engage in natural behaviors.